ABSTRACT
In 2019, 12 topics were selected as the major research advances in gynecologic oncology. Herein, we first opted to introduce the significant clinical activity of pembrolizumab in women with advanced cervical cancer based on the results of the phase 2 KEYNOTE-158 trial. Thereafter, we reviewed 5 topics, including systemic lymphadenectomy in the advanced stage with no gross residual tumor, secondary cytoreductive surgery in recurrent ovarian cancer according to the results of Gynecologic Oncology Group-213 trial, dose-dense weekly paclitaxel scheduling as first-line chemotherapy, the utility of intraperitoneal therapy in the advanced stage, and an update on poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors for the treatment of ovarian cancer. Additionally, we conducted a thorough review of emerging data from several clinical trials on PARP inhibitors according to drug, target population, and combined usage. For uterine corpus cancer, we reviewed adjuvant therapy for high-risk disease and chemotherapy in advanced/recurrent disease. For the field of radiation oncology, we discussed the utility of neoadjuvant chemotherapy added to chemoradiotherapy and the treatment of radiation-induced cystitis using hyperbaric oxygen. Finally, we discussed the use of individualized therapy with humanized monoclonal antibodies (trastuzumab emtansine and sacituzumab govitecan-hziy) and combination therapy (fulvestrant plus alpesilib, fulvestrant plus anastrozole, and ribociclib plus endocrine therapy) for women with advanced breast cancer.
ABSTRACT
In 2017, 10 topics were selected as major clinical research advances in gynecologic oncology. For cervical cancer, efficacy and safety analysis results of a 9-valent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine and long-term impact of reduced dose of quadrivalent vaccine were updated. Brief introduction of KEYNOTE trials of pembrolizumab, a monoclonal antibody that blocks the interaction between programmed death (PD)-1 and its ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, followed. Tailored surveillance programs for gynecologic cancer related with Lynch syndrome and update on sentinel lymph node mapping were reviewed for uterine corpus cancer. For ovarian cancer, 5 topics were selected including poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases inhibitors and immunotherapy. The other potential practice changers covered in this review were lymphadenectomy in advanced disease, secondary cytoreductive surgery in recurrent disease, weekly dose-dense regimen for first-line chemotherapy, incorporation of bevacizumab maintenance in platinum-sensitive recurrent disease, and effect of platinum-free interval prolongation. Conflicting opinions of academic societies on periodic pelvic examination were introduced in conjunction with relevant literature review. For the field of radiation oncology, results of 2 big trials, The Postoperative Radiation Therapy in Endometrial Carcinoma-3 and Gynecologic Oncology Group-258, for endometrial cancer and recent advance in high-dose-rate brachytherapy for cervical cancer were reported. Topics for breast cancer covered adjuvant capecitabine after preoperative chemotherapy, adjuvant pertuzumab and trastuzumab in early human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive disease, olaparib for metastatic cancer in patients with a germline BRCA mutation, 20-year risks of recurrence after stopping endocrine therapy at 5 years, and contemporary hormonal contraception and the risk of breast cancer.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Bevacizumab , Brachytherapy , Breast Neoplasms , Capecitabine , Chemotherapy, Adjuvant , Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis , Contraception , Drug Therapy , Endometrial Neoplasms , Gynecological Examination , Immunotherapy , Ligands , Lymph Node Excision , Lymph Nodes , Molecular Targeted Therapy , Ovarian Neoplasms , Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors , Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases , Radiation Oncology , ErbB Receptors , Recurrence , Trastuzumab , Uterine Cervical NeoplasmsABSTRACT
No abstract available.